Komentaryong Sumisipi para sa Mga Awit 33:15

On Rosh Hashanah all the people of the world pass before Him like a division of soldier [a numerus], as it says, “He who fashions the hearts of them all, who discerns all their doings” (Psalms 33:15). This is the central section in this mishnah, the reason why this mishnah is here in Rosh Hashanah. This is the source where we learn for the first time that on Rosh Hashanah the world is judged. The image that the mishnah creates is that all the people of the world, perhaps even non-Jews, come in front of God one at a time and God inspects them. He is like their general and they are his soldiers, standing at attention and being judged by Him. The word “numerus” was interpreted by Saul Lieberman, the premier Talmudic scholar of the past century, as referring to an army division. The version in the mishnah was understood by later talmudic scholars who did not know Greek, as “kivne meron”, understood to refer to the sheep on the Meron mountain. This led to the well-known image of people passing in front of God like sheep passing in front of a shepherd. The point of the prooftext is that God who is the creator of the human heart, also looks at what a person does and judges each one according to his deeds.

denn es heisst. Ps. 33, 15.

For the Lord is a God of knowledge (lit., knowledges or minds): He knows everything and there is nothing hidden from Him. And she said, "minds," in the plural - meaning to say, He knows all the minds of people like one, without [there being] multiplicity and without change in Him. It is like it stated (Psalms 33:15), "He who fashions the hearts of them all, who discerns all their doings."